![]() These methods have disadvantages with respect to measuring drag coefficients for loose parts in that they require a fixed orientation, or themore » flow field is inconsistent with the turbulent flow conditions found in reactor systems. Traditionally, drag coefficients of three-dimensional bodies are measured in wind tunnels, by towing in free air or liquids, and with drop tests. To estimate the loose-part velocity, the drag coefficient of the part must be known. Additional information regarding potentially damaging loose parts can be obtained by estimating loose-part velocity on the basis of free motion dynamics within the flow. Loose-part monitoring systems are capable of providing estimates of loose-part mass and energy as well as impact location. Although it was not significant, early access to litter had a non-significant tendency to reduce the prevalence of feather pecking.ĭrag coefficients for loose reactor parts No other factor had a significant effect in these models. Furthermore, early access to perches decreased the prevalence of cloacal cannibalism during the production period, odds ratio 0-46 (P=0.03). Access to perches from not later than the 4th week of age decreased the prevalence of floor eggs during the period from start-of-lay until 35 weeks of age, odds ratio 0-30 (P<0-001). No significant correlations were found between the prevalence of floor eggs, cloacal cannibalism and feather pecking. Odds ratios were calculated from the results of the models to allow risk assessment. In addition to early access to perches or litter, models included hybrid, stocking density, group size, housing system, age at delivery, identical housing system at the rearing farm and at the production farm and, in models for floor eggs and cloacal cannibalism, nest area per hen. Logistic regression modelling was used to test the effects of selected factors on floor eggs, cloacal cannibalism and feather pecking. ![]() The sample population was 120 385 laying hens from 59 flocks of various hybrids at 21 different farms. Effects of rearing conditions on behavioural problems were investigated in a cohort study of commercial flocks of laying hens housed in 2 different loose housing systems. Defective gear shall not.Įffect of rearing factors on the prevalence of floor eggs, cloacal cannibalism and feather pecking in commercial flocks of loose housed laying hens.ġ. (c) Designated employees shall inspect chains, links, shackles, swivels, blocks and other loose gear used in house fall operations before each day's use. Meteorological conditions were very similar at both locations. Pastured cows had significantly longer eating and rumination times, more chewing cycles related to eating and rumination, more regurgitated cuds and more chewing cycles per cud than housed cows. Air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, barometric pressure and precipitation were recorded. The endpoints for each cow at both locations were calculated per day and included eating and rumination times, number of chewing cycles related to eating and rumination, number of regurgitated cuds and number of chewing cycles per cud. The cows were fed hay ad libitum and each was fitted with a pressure-sensitive transducer integrated into the noseband of the halter. This study examined eating and rumination behaviour in 13 Scottish Highland cattle for 13 days on a winter pasture and then for 13 days in a loose housing barn during winter. The justification of the efficiency of the proposed technical and technological solutions is given.Įating and rumination behaviour of Scottish Highland cattle on pasture and in loose housing during the winter. The results of investigations of a technological operation for treating skin integuments of cows with activated water are disclosed, as well as the constructive solution of a heat and power unit that ensures a change in the hydrogen index of the treated water. Technical and technological solutions providing for a reduction in the airspace contamination of the livestock facility are proposed. The factors affecting the state of the air in the internal space of the cattle-breeding facility ( cowshed) are revealed. ![]() The article emphasizes the importance of observing the ecology of the internal airspace. DOE ZERH Case Study: Mutual Housing California, Mutual Housing at Spring Lake, Woodland, CAĬase study of a DOE 2015 Housing Innovation Award winning multifamily project of 62 affordable- housing apartment home in the hot-dry climate that exceeded CA Title 24-2008 by 35%, with 2x4 16†on center walls with R-21 fiberglass bass walls, uninsulated salb on grade foundation vented attic with R-44 blown fiberglass air to water heat pumps.Įcological Safety of the Internal Space of the Cattle-Breeding Facility ( Cowshed)
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